4Cs Skills and High-level Thinking Skills as Problem Solving

High-level Thinking Skills as Problem Solving

Higher-order thinking skills as problem solving are needed in the process learning, because learning is designed with a learning approach oriented to high-level skills can not be separated from the combination thinking skills and creativity skills for problem solving. Problem solving skills are the skills of experts who have a strong desire to be able to solve problems that arise in everyday life. Individual students will have problem-solving skills different and influenced by several factors

Table of contents:

1. High-level Thinking Skills as Problem Solving
2. 4Cs Skills
3. EnGauge 21st Century Skill Framework
4. The enGauge list of 21st century skills
5. Digital Age Literacy
6. Inventive Thinking
7. Effective Communication
8. High Productivity

According to Mourtos, Okamoto and Rhee, there are six aspects that can be used to measure the extent of skills solving students' problems, namely:

1. Determine the problem, by defining the problem, explaining the problem, determine data and information needs that must be known before use to define the problem so that it becomes more detailed, and preparing criteria for determining the outcome of the discussion of the problem at hand.
2. Explore the problem, by determining the object associated with problem, examine problems related to assumptions and state hypotheses related to the problem
3. Plan solutions that students develop plans for solve problems, map sub-material related to problems, choose theoretical principles and approaches that fit the problem, and determine information to find a solution.
4. Implement the plan, at this stage students apply the plan that has been set
5. Examine solutions, evaluate solutions used to solve problems.
6. Evaluate, in this step, the solution is examined, the assumptions associated with the solution made, estimating the results obtained when implementing the solution and communicating solutions that have been made.

4Cs Skills (Creativity, Critical Thinking, Collaboration, Communication)

21st Century learning uses a term known as 4Cs (critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity), are the four skills that have been identified as 21st century skills as very important skills and is needed for 21st century education

FRAMEWORK 21 CENTURY SKILLS (4C)	21st Century THINKING COMPETENCE
Creativity Thinking and innovation	Students can produce, develop, and implement their ideas creatively both independent or in groups
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving	Students can identify, analyze, interpreting, and evaluating evidence, argumentation, claims and data presented extensively through the assessment deeply, and reflect on it in everyday life.
Communication	Learners can communicate ideas and ideas in a way effectively use oral, written, and technological media.
Collaboration	Students can work together in a group inside solve the problem found

EnGauge 21st Century Skill Framework

The development of cognitive science shows that the expected results are in learning will increase significantly when students are involved in the process learning through authentic real-world experiences. EnGauge Ages skills the 21st was built based on the results of ongoing research and answers learning needs that clearly define what participants need students in order to develop in the current digital era

The enGauge list of 21st century skills

1. Digital Age Literacy
   Scientific literacy, mathematics, and basic technology; visual and information literacy; Cultural literacy and global awareness
2. Inventive Thinking
   Adaptability and ability to manage complexity; Curiosity, creativity, and risk taking; Thinking high level and reasons that make sense
3. Effective Communication
   Skills, collaboration and interpersonal skills; Personal and social responsibility; Interactive communication
4. High Productivity
   The ability to prioritize, plan, and manage results; Effective use of real-world tools; Relevant and high-quality products